What principle shifts the burden of proof onto the prosecution?

The principle that shifts the burden of proof onto the prosecution is the presumption of innocence. This legal principle is foundational to the justice system and ensures that individuals accused of a crime are treated as if they are innocent until proven otherwise. It places the responsibility on the prosecution to provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the defendant's guilt, rather than requiring the defendant to prove their innocence. This standard is crucial in protecting individual rights and ensuring that wrongful convictions are minimized.

In contrast, the other options relate to different concepts within the legal system. "Beyond a reasonable doubt" refers to the level of certainty required for a jury to convict a defendant; it emphasizes the high standard of proof that the prosecution must meet. "Presumption of guilt" is contrary to established legal principles and suggests that the accused must prove their innocence, which undermines the fairness of the judicial process. "Innocent until proven guilty" echoes the presumption of innocence but does not specifically articulate the concept of shifting the burden of proof to the prosecution as clearly.

Thus, the presumption of innocence is the principle that directly establishes the expectation of innocence and requires the prosecution to bear the burden of proof in criminal cases.